1 Kings 12:9

Authorized King James Version

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And he said unto them, What counsel give ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter?

Original Language Analysis

לֵאמֹ֔ר And he said H559
לֵאמֹ֔ר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם H413
אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
מָ֚ה H4100
מָ֚ה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 3 of 21
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
אַתֶּ֣ם H859
אַתֶּ֣ם
Strong's: H859
Word #: 4 of 21
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים unto them What counsel give H3289
נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים unto them What counsel give
Strong's: H3289
Word #: 5 of 21
to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or resolve
וְנָשִׁ֥יב ye that we may H7725
וְנָשִׁ֥יב ye that we may
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 6 of 21
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
דָּבָ֖ר answer H1697
דָּבָ֖ר answer
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 7 of 21
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעָ֣ם this people H5971
הָעָ֣ם this people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 9 of 21
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
הַזֶּ֑ה H2088
הַזֶּ֑ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 10 of 21
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 11 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
דִּבְּר֤וּ who have spoken H1696
דִּבְּר֤וּ who have spoken
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 12 of 21
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אֵלַי֙ H413
אֵלַי֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 13 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
לֵאמֹ֔ר And he said H559
לֵאמֹ֔ר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 14 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
הָקֵל֙ Make H7043
הָקֵל֙ Make
Strong's: H7043
Word #: 15 of 21
to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.)
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 16 of 21
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הָעֹ֔ל the yoke H5923
הָעֹ֔ל the yoke
Strong's: H5923
Word #: 17 of 21
a yoke (as imposed on the neck), literally or figuratively
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 18 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נָתַ֥ן did put H5414
נָתַ֥ן did put
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 19 of 21
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
אָבִ֖יךָ which thy father H1
אָבִ֖יךָ which thy father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 20 of 21
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
עָלֵֽינוּ׃ H5921
עָלֵֽינוּ׃
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 21 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis & Commentary

And he said unto them, What counsel give ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter?

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. The kingdom division (c. 930 BCE) created the northern kingdom (Israel, 10 tribes) and southern kingdom (Judah, 2 tribes).

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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